Modifications to an ARM D55 to Improve Traction

I had not paid much attention to the D55 class as a model as they were mostly outside my 1965 period for my layout but when Australian Railway Models produced the oil burner version of the D55 I still wasn't interested. However, one day on YouTube I came across the Graeme Belbin video below which got me thinking; here was a coal burning 5597 in 1965.

Here is the video by Graeme Belbin of 5597 on the 1965 Triple Headed Standard Goods Tour, Unanderra - Moss Vale:

Further searching came up with these photographs of 5597.

5597 Wollongong Station 1965-04-04 - Facebook - Brett Fitzpatrick

5597 at Thirroul Loco Depot RTM Kiama Tour - 23-10-1966 - Peter Neve

Of interest is this photo of 5597 in March 1965 with a Turret tender, it is apparent that the Wampu tender was put on 5597 for the 4 April 1965 tour. But, did it then have the Turret tender put back after the tour? And, was this repeated in October 1966?

5597 Moss Vale to Sydney New South Wales School Railway Clubs Association tour
 March 1965 - Laurie Anderson

So, I thought, why not?

I purchased an ARM D5502 model and proceeded to modify it to represent 5597 in April 1965 and October 1966 when being used on tours with a coal Wampu tender instead of the turret tender it was normally fitted with prior to that time.

The first thing I did was the hardest as I had to cut the oil tank out of the tender and the plastic was quite thick. I used a small thin stainless steel saw blade in a Dremel motor tool working very slowly and carefully along the tender side so as not to damage the flared tender top walls. The most dificult section was cutting out the rectangular protrusion of the tank through the bunker door area. Once again I used the small saw blade in the Dremel and finished with a hobby knife and files. I then did a 3D print of the coal doors based on a plan of a Turret tender as I had no photos, etc. of the Wampu doors.

I also did a 3D coal load thin base to cover the hole left after the oil tank was removed.

The observant will notice that I also did a 3D printed funnel. More on that later.

I also designed and printed some coupler boxes to take Kadee 144 Short Underset Whisker Standard Head Couplers. These coupler boxes replace the coupler covers that come on the D55. However, the hole in the Kadee coupler has to be carefully reamed or filed with a 'rat tail' file to just neatly fit on the existing coupler mounting post. Some Kadee 'Greasem' is a help here as well. The 3D printed coupler box has a short tapered arm that protrudes out the front under the coupler to support it. The coupler whiskers stick out but bear on the inside of the coupler box to give the centring action. The tightness of the screw that holds the coupler box is adjusted so that the coupler works as it should.

At this stage it was possible to test the pulling power of the D55. Disappointment!

I then began trying several different motors that I bought online. Finally deciding on a single ended shaft FF-050SK-11170 12v 16800 rpm DC motor obtained from AliExpress.

This motor was chosen as it was longer and hopefully had more torque, but it did require the front motor mount to be removed by a cutting disc then a grinding stone bit in the motor tool.

A Loksound 4 decoder wired with an 8 pin plug, a Keep Alive, and speaker were fitted in the tender.

As the D55 only picked up power from the locomotive driving wheels I added 0.8mm phosphor-bronze wire pickups to the tender bogies with 10BA washers and M1.4 4mm self tapping screws obtained from AliExpress. The following photos are self explanatory.

Now, the way that the D55 was wired was quite annoying so I opted to 'improve' it. As per the following photos I cut out the lower part of the rear of the cab and the 'under floor' to make a channel for the wiring to easily get to the 8 pin socket. This also makes it simple to remove the locomotive body.

The search now began to find places to add some lead weight.

The locomotive has had 0.8mm sheet lead fitted on the underside the cab roof, white metal driver and fireman, and a rolled 0.8mm lead sheet representing a canvas roll fitted to the rear of the roof for protection from the elements. The 0.8mm thick lead sheet is from some used lead window flashing I found years ago.

There are one and a half layers of 0.8mm lead in the underside of the cab roof, the half layer being at the front as it would show at the rear if it was a full layer. The canvas roll was scribed for some strap indentations and some brown paint in the grooves represents the straps. The canvas roll is important as the further back the weight is the more it will add weight to the drivers, think about lever action.

This 0.8mm lead is also fitted on both insides of the boiler and the inside top of the boiler in 65mm X 12mm pieces made very flat by squeezing in a smooth jaw vice. The extra weight is to try to overcome the incorrect placement of the metal weight in the smokebox which really only puts its weight primarily on the front driving wheels and probably lifts the rear drivers slightly..

At this point the D55 was assembled, painted and re-numbered to 5597.

Load Testing

I did some load testing on the 1 in 40 grades of the layout and here is a video of a trial with a load of LCH coal hoppers and guards van.

The 20 LCH coal hoppers are Eureka Models with the internal hopper weight and the plastic coal load. It should be noted that the LCHs are quite light weighing in at 23 grams. The SHG guards van is from SDS and it weighs 66 grams. The total weigh of the train is 526 grams.

If you stay to the end of the video you will see 5597 slip to a halt near the top of the final grade before the top staging yard. It appears that although I measured the risers and placed them within 1mm, the layout frame below at that point wasn't level so I seem to have a grade a bit steeper than 1 in 40. Investigation and hopefully a correction to be done.

Actual NSWGR D50, D53 and D55 locomotives were rated to haul only 12 LCH loaded hoppers and guards van on a 1 in 40 grade (310 tons).

Note: 5597 also slips to a halt at this place on the grade if pulling 12 LCH hoppers and the SHG van.

The track at the point of slippage may have a twist as it starts to go around the curve causing only three driving wheels to contact the rails. It is not likely that the prototypically correct flangeless middle drivers would contribute much traction.

I then tried 5597 with a load of 8 empty BCH and an MHG guards van, each BCH is 71 grams and the MHG is 75 grams for a total train weight of 643 grams. The eight BCH train is the length of coal trains that will fit in the coal mine on the layout. Note that the coal mine area is not complete as yet.

5597 with the BCH load slipped to a stop about 30cm short of the position that 5597 with the LCH load slipped. So, given that the actual weight of the BCH load was 117 grams heavier it does seem to point to a track issue at the final curve into the top staging.

In regard to operations on the layout, the coal mine branch is easily reached by both LCH and BCH train loads. The LCH train would be of empty hoppers, although the LCH hoppers will retain the grey weight.

In Conclusion

All up, I am reasonably happy with the modified 5597 and it will find a place in the Wollar Locomotive Depot where it can be called upon to haul the Down empty coal trains to the coal mine and will likely be called upon to be used as a banker to assist the heavy goods trains from Kerrabee to the top Gulgong staging. When using a banking locomotive at the rear of a goods train be aware that it should be a locomotive with poorer traction than the lead locomotive. It needs to be able to lift about the last third of the load. A locomotive at the rear that is too powerful can jack knife the train.

Note:

By all means, do the weight installs and change the funnel, etc. but perhaps leave the motor change until you have added the extra weight and then decide.

Download the 3D STL Print Files Here

I have made available on Thingiverse, some 3D STL files of a better oil version funnel with funnel cap, a pair of coupler boxes, and for those who may convert the D55 to coal, a coal version funnel, tender coal bunker doors and a coal load base to seal the area opened up by the removal of the oil tank.

5591 stored at Broadmeadow in August 1959 - Peter Neve

Close up view - 5591 stored at Broadmeadow in August 1959 - Peter Neve

3D Render of the oil version funnel STL print file

3D Render of the Coal version funnel STL print file

I have included STL files with supports, these printed on my Anycubic Photon Mono M5s 12K resin printer but STL files without the supports have also been included.

These STL files should only be printed on a resin printer.

Here is the link for the Thingiverse STL print files.

Enjoy!

Signals Branch Announcement

I reached the age of 76 recently and realised that time might be getting short. If you have followed the erratic timing of my blog posts over the last years then you may understand that making signals and also signal kits has dominated the time I had available for the hobby. So, I decided that it was time to finish the layout, complete some projects that stalled and start some new models.

A month ago, I sold the rights to the signal castings to John Dersch of Ornamental Castings. John makes most of the white metal and brass castings that are available for our hobby. For information on availability of the castings, etc. please contact John; his contact details can be found on his Ornamental Castings web site.

As part of the sale I am going to update the various signal build instructions and these will be available on my Signals Branch blog over the next month or two.

In the documentation on the Signals Branch blog I will also include information regarding any extra items such as screws, bolts, wire types and sizes, linear servos, etc.

I will also make available the STL 3D print files of the various base/mechanisms for the signals as well as quite a number of the jigs that I used to bend operating rods, handrails, etc. These STL files will be made available on Thingiverse, a 3D file online 'library'. I will make these STL 3D files available over the next month or two. There are a number of instructions to be written regarding how to use the various jigs.

The 3D STL print files for other 3D items that I have designed will likely become available on Thingiverse from time to time.

Links to these items will be placed on my Signals Branch blog.

The STL files will be free to download but there is a 'Tip the Designer' button if you feel so inclined.

I would like to say that I have quite enjoyed the creative side of making the signals, etc. available in the hobby although at times the building, etc., did get a bit stressful.

So, thank you to those who ordered signals and signal kits, and supported me in the endeavour.

Regards,

Ray Pilgrim

30-11-2025

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year

 I would like to wish all a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.

Regards,

Ray

A New Tool - Badger Mini Sand Blaster

Back in 2012 I posted about a small sand blasting tool that I found at Super Cheap Auto. Here is the link.

That earlier sand blaster died a while back and I looked around for a suitable replacement and found the Badger Mini Sandblaster. Please note that this link was good at the time of  posting but may disappear of course.

This not a review as such, just a look at what it can do.

I was working today on the build of the last 13 signals of what grew to be 50 signals from February 2023, up from 12 on my order book. At the time I decided that I would stop the signal builds and it has taken this long to get near the end due to some real life circumstances, one of which was Christine dislocating her two year old hip replacement twice in six months and then the hip revision surgery in late July to correct it.

I use the sandblaster to give a matt surface on the brass signals and parts so that there is a very good 'key' for the white primer I use for the signal post colour. Here are some photos of the set up I use and the output of the sandblaster.

Overall set up outside - Note the rubber gloves, goggles and mask

View inside the container after finishing showing the amount of grit used.

Pressure gauge showing 60 p.s.i. setting and the very necessary water trap

View of the nice matt finish on the brass signal detail parts

And again on the signal posts

All the grit can be used again but it should be dried as the smallest amount of moisture can cause the sand blaster to block which then means that the sandblaster has to be cleaned out and dried, considerably slowing the process. A few hours in an oven at about 110 Deg. Centigrade will dry it well.

Do not do this inside unless you have a proper sandblasting enclosure. Super Cheap Auto sells one but it is way too expensive for hobby use. Super Cheap Auto do sell the grit which is handy.

Not much else to say apart from it works very well, better than the original one.

With time everything changes and also remains the same

I have now read all my BYLONG blog posts up to the present day and I am a bit ashamed by the number of times I said that I was going to do something on the layout, and then failed to do so. I have a bad habit of making/building something, and stopping when I hit a small hurdle like needing to get some more parts, paint, etc. I am also prone to having an idea and running off in pursuit of the new thing at the expense of what I was working on.

Now that I am officially a 'gunna do', I have decided that there a few projects that must be finished.

Here are a couple of projects, in no particular order to be finished:

Lloyds etched brass turret tender kit built for a Eureka Models D50 that gave up its Standard tender for my Wombat C30T conversion to bogie tender version. See my blog post called 'A Fun Week of Modelling' from 11 November 2019.

Here are a few photos showing the tender and where it is still up to, 3D printed chassis, bogies fitted, coupler fitted, and painted. The intent is to fit it with the QSI Titan decoder I removed from the above mentioned Eureka Models D50 Class locomotive. The issue here is to run the extra wiring through the locomotive to make the marker lights work as in my earlier blog post here and another post here.

The next stalled project was started in August 2022 and involves an extension to the Wollar wheat siding and the 'scenicing' in of the Auscision S008 silo. A part of the BYLONG scenery that was done for the original AMRA exhibitions back in 1979 was cut away to allow the siding extension. The cut away 'earthworks' then needed a sleeper built retaining wall to be made. The retaining wall was 3D printed on a FDM printer, painted, weathered, and glued in place. The track was installed, a buffer stop glued in place, and that is where the project has stopped. I guess my problem is reaching to scenic the area behind the retaining wall and to fix up the 45 year old scenery without making it look out of place in the surrounding old scenery.

The observant will have noticed the siding next to the roundhouse that still needs ballasting.

Now, "must be finished", but when?

"The best laid plans of mice and men" and the End of a Story Started in 2018.

Well, so much for posting more often, "the best laid plans of mice and men". Life intruded yet again when my wife Christine dislocated a 2 year old hip replacement at 2:30am on 26 January, just by rolling over in bed. The first time was on 15 August last year followed by a couple of months of rehab physio. Christine had hip revision surgery on 31 July to correct the implants. Apparently, the implants have socket and ball parts that can be replaced. We have been assured that it will not happen again. It was a different surgeon this time, however I won't blame the first surgeon as Christine had a fall, slamming the knee onto the concrete floor of the garage, this was about two weeks before the first dislocation. I think that she dislodged or cause some thing to turn out of alignment.

So for the last year I have been the main 'doer' around the place and I still have the last thirteen signals to build.

I recently got a Samsung tablet and tonight I wanted to check something on my BYLONG blog but didn't have a bookmark saved on it yet so I did a search for my blog. Among the results was a link to my first BYLONG blog post so I read it and a number of the following posts. Well, with time everything changes and also remains the same. More on this in a later post.

In the first post I explained the back-story of the layout and as things worked out I had to back date the layout to the early 1890's. This happened because I received a mystery box in the post containing the parts for a round brick water tower (see the January 2018 post in the side bar to the right). There was a cast plaster round brick column and a brass Trainbuilder VR water tower tank and no explanatory letter or note. After checking the post office mark on the postage stamp, I made a phone call. The mystery gift was from a friend, Rohan Fergusson, as he had noticed that BYLONG didn't have any water facilities.

Now, back to the present or at least the recent, and not so recent past, to begin with. For some time I pondered on where to place it in the confines of the BYLONG yard, it moved a number of times. Next, I was a bit worried about how to treat the bricks without losing the white mortar lines.. The prototype round water towers in NSW seem to be built of red brick but I felt that the red would stand out way to much compared to the drab drought scenery of late 1965. I eventually chose to use various pastels, as paint would likely spread into the mortar which would mean that it would have to be corrected with a white wash in the future.

After a lot of experimenting with the pastels over a long time I decided that it was done.

The next step was to finish the build and scenic it in place on the layout. I designed and 3D printed a circular base 20mm larger in diameter than the tower with a 1mm deep centre to accommodate the round tower. The base was glued in place followed by zip texturing using a light yellow ochre powdered tile grout, some light grey/brown tile grout followed and various coloured static grasses, all held in place with watered down glue. Care was taken not to glue the tile grout in the centre where the round tower was to be glued.

After removing the dry tile grout from the centre of the base the round plaster tower was glued in place and once the glue had set the water tank was glued on. Finally the ladder and incoming water supply pipe were attached.

Along with the water tower BYLONG needed three water columns, so three white metal Uneek water column kits were bought. Two were placed at the Down end of the loop for the double headed goods trains tackling the 1 in 40 grades and the other was placed at the UP end of the loop as not so much water was required when descending the grades. The water columns also service the Main line.

While zip texturing I forgot to cover the loop track with some masking tape and as a result the zip texturing went onto the side of the ballast and ends of the sleepers. The story now is that there is a water leak from the tower that has got in under the loop track and the trains have pumped a muddy slurry up through the ballast as well as turning the grass near the tower a slightly healthier green.

Here is the mud being pumped up by the trains.

The observant will notice the valve wheels on the water columns

While checking my plans for water columns I found one for this style made by Goninans for the SMR with a spoked valve wheel. I thought, why not? So, I drew a 3D version and printed it in resin. I printed six and just as well as the shaft of the wheel/valve is very thin and I broke one while assembling the column. I will have to be careful around the water columns when cleaning the track.

Have a Happy Christmas and a Great New Year

I would like to wish you all the best of the season, have a safe , enjoyable and relaxing time. Ray